[Analysis on the birth situation different fertility policy periods in monitoring area of birth defect population in Zhejiang Province].

Objective: To explore the impacts on birth situation associated with birth policy adaption in monitoring area of birth defect population in Zhejiang province. Methods: Data were obtained from hospital-based birth defect surveillance system in Zhejiang Province. The surveillance population was childbearing women living in Nanhu of Jiaxing and Fenghua of Ningbo no less than 1 year. We divided data into three groups as "only child" (Jan, 2012-Sep, 2013), "privileged second child" (Jan, 2015-Sep, 2016) and "universal second child" (Jan, 2017-Sep, 2018) according to birth policy adaption. The differences of maternal age distribution in different birth policy periods were compared by using Kruskal-Wallis test. The changing trend of the proportion of parturient in different birth policy periods was analyzed by using Trend χ(2) test. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between birth policy and adverse perinatal outcomes. Results: During "only child" , " privileged second child" and "universal second child" period, the number of childbearing women was 12 557, 14 097 and 15 509, respectively, with an increase of 12.3% and 10.0% over previous periods. Maternal ages [M (P(25), P(75))] were [27 (25, 30)], [28 (26, 31)] and [28 (26, 32)] years old. The proportion of multipara in each period was 19.5%, 35.7% and 45.8%, showing an increased trend (P<0.001). The incidence of adverse perinatal outcomes was lowest in the "only child" period (8.7%) and highest in the "universal second child" period (11.1%). Unconditional logistic regression model showed that after adjusting for age, compared with the "only child" period, the risk of premature birth [OR values (95%CI) were 1.20(1.08-1.33) and 1.08 (1.02-1.13), respectively] and birth defects [OR values (95%CI) were 1.33(1.13-1.55) and 1.29 (1.20-1.39), respectively] increased in "privileged second child" and "universal second child" period. The risk of macro infants decreased significantly [OR values(95%CI) were 0.87 (0.80-0.96) and 0.91 (0.87-0.95), respectively], and the risk of perinatal death changed insignificantly [OR values (95%CI) were 0.78 (0.53-1.15) and 0.84 (0.69-1.02), respectively]. Conclusion: According to population based surveillance in two regions in Zhejiang, the proportion of women with advanced age, the proportion of multipara , the risks of birth defects increased with birth policy adaption.

[Early physical growth and disease analysis among children born delivered by HBsAg-positive mothers].

Objective: To estimate the early physical growth and disease in children born to HBsAg-positive mothers. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Three areas as Xihu in Hangzhou, Lanxi in Jinhua, and Haiyan in Jiaxing in Zhejiang province were selected by cluster sampling. The growth outcomes of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers (exposure group) and matched 1∶1 women uninfected with HBV (control group) in 2014 were investigated and compared at birth, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months, respectively. There were totally 342 children in each group. Results: The incidences of low birth weight (LBW) for children born to exposure and control group were 1.8% (6/342), and 2.6% (9/342), respectively (P=0.433); and, rates of preterm birth were 2.3% (8/342), and 2.0% (7/342), respectively (P=0.794). The mean birth weight of children born to mothers without HBV infection (3.4±0.4) kg was dramatically higher than children in exposure group (3.3±0.4) kg (P=0.019). At 18 months, the average head circumference was significantly greater among children in control group (47.3±1.3) cm than children in exposure group (47.0±2.0) cm (P=0.038). Additional, mean birth weeks, height, weight, increases in height/weight/head circumference each month, weight/height/head circumference for age Z scores, proportion of growth retardation and low weight, disease prevalence were not observed statistically differences between two groups (P>0.05). All children born to HBsAg-positive mothers were received three-dose HBV vaccination. The rate of hepatitis B immunoglobulin for births born to HBsAg-positive was 98.8% (338/342). Mother to children transmission of HBV at 18 months was 1.0% (1/97). Conclusion: No significant differences in growth development and disease prevalence were found among children born to HBsAg-positive women and women without HBV infection.

RECENT TRENDS IN GENDER RATIO AT BIRTH IN HANGZHOU, CHINA.

INTRODUCTION: Higher than normal sex ratios at birth in China have been reported since the early 1980's. This study aimed to investigate recent trends in sex ratio at birth in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province in southeast China. METHODS: Information on selected maternal and birth-related characteristics was extracted from the Hangzhou Birth Information Database for all pregnant women who delivered live births during 2005-2014. The sex ratios at birth were calculated after excluding infants with missing data on gender and those born with ambiguous genitalia. RESULTS: A total of 478,192 male births and 430,852 female births were recorded giving an overall ratio of 111.0. The sex ratio at birth was almost constant at around 110.7 during the period 2005-2008, followed by an increase to the peak at 113.1 in 2010 and then declined back to 109.6 in 2014. CONCLUSION: The gender ratio at birth in Hangzhou remained unbalanced for the past decade.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein decreases the induced nitric oxide synthesis in rat mesangial cells.

Recently, the close relation between oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and the progression of glomerular injury has been demonstrated. The nitric oxide (NO) pathway in glomerular mesangial cells may be a potential target for the adverse effects of Ox-LDL in the development of glomerular injury. In this study, we treated cultured rat mesangial cells (RMC) with Fe(2+)-oxidized LDL and then stimulated the cells with lipopolysacharride (LPS, 10 micrograms ml-1). The LPS-induced NO production, assessed by NO2-concentrations in cultured supernatants, decreased from 7.83 nmol per 10(6) cells in control to 4.00 nmol per 10(6) cells and 1.67 nmol per 10(6) cells in RMC preincubated with Ox-LDL at 20 micrograms ml-1 and 40 micrograms ml-1, respectively (P < 0.01). Native LDL had no significant effects on LPS-induced NO production. Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, we could not detect significant alteration of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in RMC preincubated with Ox-LDL. Our results suggest that Ox-LDL decreases induced NO production in RMC, which may contribute to the adverse effects of Ox-LDL in progressive glomerular injury. The mechanisms of this decrease may not involve changes of iNOS genic transcription.